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Somnath Pal, water lily expert and hybridizer

Water Lilies as we known are fascinating pond plants, the botanical name of Water lilies is "Nymphaea", they usually grow in creek, water bodies with stagnant, not moving water, they are sometimes mixed with Lotuses, but Water lilies and Lotus are from two different family, they are not the same but they both can sometime be found in the same water body complementing each other. While the family tree of Lotus has just two type, "Nelumbo Lutea & Nelumbo Nucifera", the Yellow Lotus (Nelumbo Lutea) is native to North America & the Pink & White Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera) mostly from Asia; however the family tree of Water Lilies has many different types of Sub-genus, many of the sub-genus we have never knew about or grown so today let's gather some basics of water lilies and the best would be to start with the Water Lily family tree

I have been always fascinated about Water Lilies, when growing up Water lilies here in my place they are used to be sold in colours, nobody understood anything about it and all we wanted was of different colours, as time passed and I learnt more I understood there are different water lilies and each of them behaves differently, it's not just the colour alone but the patter of leaves, flower, their blooming type, even their smell are unique, there are usually two categories in which water lilies blooms, one type blooms at night which we call as Nocturnal or Night Blooming Water Lilies and then there are others which blooms during the day which we call as day Blooming Water lilies, but its not the difference of Night and Day blooming alone, even in Night blooming we have water lilies from different Sub-Genus, which blooms at night and for the day blooming water lilies is the same, many different types of Sub-genus opens during the day and stays open until afternoon to early evening, some of them also remains open until late evening, most commonly as we may known or seen, Australian Waterlily as we call, some of them opens very early in the morning and stays open until late evening, some of my own hybrids were found open until 10 PM and there are some which may stay open for 24 hours and for 6-7 days, yes you hear me right, water lilies which can stay open all day and for 6-7 days, I have often noticed some water lilies stays open and sink down under water after been blooming for several days, that shows the flower do not want to close.

This topic is interesting but we need to begin it from the beginning so that we all can understand what I am talking about, how do we start to recognise water lilies and their different category and for this we need to understand the family tree of water lilies so we all can learn to recognize what we are growing in our pond, the differences between different water lilies, and most importantly this will help us remove the myth we may have, to remove the doubts and to have better understanding about their growing and handling.

water lily family tree diagram

Nymphaea (Water Lily) Family Tree

Nymphaea (Water Lily) Family Tree
Hover or tap any node to learn more about each sub-genus
Nymphaea Water Lily Family Tree Branching diagram of the Nymphaeaceae family showing 10 sub-genera: Hydrocallis, Lotos, Brachyceras, Nymphaea Hardies, Anecphya, Confluentes, Ondinea, Victoria, Euryale Ferox, Nuphar, and Barclaya. Colour-coded by blooming type and growing condition. NYMPHAEACEAE The Water Lily Family Hydrocallis Night-blooming Tropical Always white flowers Brachyceras Day-blooming Tropical Wide colour range Anecphya Large Seeds · Australian Tropical Day-blooming Confluentes Small Seeds · Australian Tropical Day-blooming Victoria Related Genus Night-blooming · giant pads Euryale Ferox Day-blooming · foxnut source Lotos Night-blooming Tropical Pink & white flowers only Nymphaea "Hardies" — Cold Tolerant Survives freezing winters Ondinea Related to Anecphya Tropical · unusual form Nuphar Related Genus Tolerates slow-moving water Barclaya Tropical · related genus
Night-blooming tropical
Day-blooming tropical
Australian tropical
Hardy (cold-tolerant)
Related genus
— — Dashed border = unusual form

Now let's look at the table to understand which of the Sub-Genus falls under the Tropical & Hardy category and which are Day Bloomer & Night Bloomer

Table showing Sub-Genus Characteristics in terms of growing condition, preferred tropical or hardy (Cold Places – freezing Winter Temperature)
Sub-Genus Tropical / Hardy Day / Night Bloomer
Nuphar Hardy Day Bloomer
Barclaya Tropical Day Bloomer
Ondinea Tropical Day Bloomer
Euryale Tropical Day Bloomer
Victoria Tropical Night Bloomer
Nymphaea "Hardies" Hardy Day Bloomer
Lotos Tropical Night Bloomer
Brachyceras Tropical Day Bloomer
Anecphya Tropical Day Bloomer
Confluentes Tropical Day Bloomer
Hydrocallis Tropical Night Bloomer

Some Interesting facts:

Earlier, the Anecphya water lilies consisted of all types of Australian Tropical water lilies under one sub-genus, but it was later separated into two different sub-genus, one as Anecphya, which consists of Australian Tropical water lilies that produce large seeds and hence they are also referred to as "Large Seeds Australian Tropical," and the new sub-genus as "Confluentes," which are also referred to as Small Seeds Australian Tropical

Euryale Ferox is a cousin of Victoria, but they both fall under different subgenera, while Euryale too grows large and has spikes on leaves, but the flower is very small and blue in colour and hardly visible, and secondly, Euryale is a day bloomer, while Victoria is a night bloomer with a white flower that changes colour on the second day to pink

Another fact is that Ondinea is related to Anecphya sub-genus, but small and doesn't look like a regular water lily; however, it is still a water lily and related to the largest tropical water lily, "Anecphya"

There are two different night bloomers sub-genus, and they both prefer tropical growing conditions; one sub-genus is Hydrocallis, where the flower is always white with the stamen ring sometimes purple, but with different shapes and sizes of leaves, and another is from the Lotos Sub-genus, which also prefers tropical growing conditions, but the flowers are in shades of pink and white, but never purple or blue

As we can see, most of the water lilies prefer tropical growing conditions, except for a few. As a matter of fact, water lilies, no matter where they come from, will hibernate during the winter period and start to grow again when winter has passed, and the temperature has risen

Water Lilies are sun-loving plants; they cannot be grown indoors. However, some success can be achieved with the help of grow lights

All water lilies prefer stagnant water bodies except Nuphar Sub-genus, where they can be grown in slow-moving water and up to 3-meter-deep water

Nymphaea Thermarum is the smallest water lily in the world, and Victoria Boliviana is the largest Water lily in the world. While Thermarum can be grown in a small cup, Victoria Boliviana can attain a size of 11 feet in diameter

Water Lilies are edible; many parts of the water lilies, stem, seeds, and bulbs are eaten in some Asian countries and places. Here in Northeast & East India, there are many recipes from Water Lilies

Foxnut is a nutritious snack that is made from the seeds of Euryale Ferox. It has been a traditional part of Indian Cuisine for centuries & it has many health benefits. Foxnuts are known by several names, such as gorgon nuts and Makhana

Another interesting thing to understand is that the newest Water Lily hybrids are from mainly two Sub-Genus, "Brachycera & Hardy," and most commonly these are commonly found in trade and grown by a lot of people

The Sub-Genus Nymphaea which is also known as "Hardies," actually refers to plant which are cold tolerant and hence the name as Hardy; however, this is not the correct sub-genus explanation, earlier the simplest term to refer a water lily was in a category of Tropical or Hardy, means the one grows in a tropical condition, and the another which bears a cold freezing winter. However, in my view, we should refer to "Nymphaea" as hardies, and calling hardies is technically not the correct way of referring to it

This is it for now. I hope the table & Family Tree help you understand the subject better now. This insight will lead to the first understanding of Water lilies, from which sub-genus the plant is from that you are growing in your garden. If you haven't tried growing water lilies yet, then please start now. They are an amazing plant to grow, and mind you, they can completely change the look of your water garden, fill it with more aesthetic & spiritual aura, and let you understand when we say how from a mud a beautiful Water lily flower can be grown

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